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This one of a kind attribute of ultrafast pulses permits nonlinear optical interaction with tissue at small Over-all publicity, and drives applications for instance deep-tissue multiphoton microscopy and substantial-precision eye surgical procedures

The Yb:KYW crystal’s proficiency in mild absorption at all around 981 nm would make the crystal well suited for diode pumping. It truly is further more enhanced by its remarkable performance in this method, coupled with its lower quantum defect.

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Optical structure of the laser with immediate pumping Along with the radiation of semiconductor injection lasers. LD is an IPG Photonics laser diode with fiber output of your radiation, WP is usually a half-wave plate, CL is usually a collimating lens, FL is a concentrating lens, AE is an Lively element comprised of an Yb:KYW crystal, DM is usually a spherical dichroic mirror, M1-M6 are classified as the cavity mirrors, OC will be the output mirror, and SAM is usually a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror.

Just after air drying and subsequent cleaning that has a cotton cloth soaked in alcohol, the movie floor showed no indications of peeling or scratches.

FIG. one. Optical layout of a laser with direct pumping Along with the radiation of semiconductor injection lasers. LD is surely an IPG Photonics laser diode with fiber output

5 mm other than the center with the beam caustic. In order to Look at the method matching simulation, we executed the experiment with Ng-Slice crystal oscillator, which was produced Formerly and in a same affliction with simulation [eleven]. As shown in Figure three(b) with red dots and line, the CW output power is extremely depending on the placement of laser crystal plus the experimental consequence coincides very well with simulation consequence. Like a note, multimode Procedure transpired in experiment in the event the measurement with the pump beam is larger sized than TEM00 cavity method and it causes increased CW output electricity in the displacement region below three.5 mm.

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By substituting yttrium with ytterbium while in the crystal lattice of Yb:KYW as a result of very similar sizes of these chemical factors as many as one hundred% of Yb-doping could possibly be accomplished.

The thermal conductivity of common double tungstates is in the get to 3–4 W/(K m) �?which isn't terrible compared with other laser crystals (While various periods a lot less than for YAG), and fairly huge as opposed Together with the thermal conductivity of common Eyeglasses.

Li2WO4-WO3 flux was effectively used decreasing The expansion temperature below 900 oC. As outlined by single crystal x-ray measurements, the crystal corresponds for the P2/n space group.

The polarized absorption spectra of Tm3+-doped potassium yttrium tungstate (Tm:KY(WO4)two) crystal at home temperature were calculated. The emission spectrum and life time with the 3 File four enthusiastic point out have been established. Using regular and modified Judd–Ofelt theories, the depth parameters and also the radiative lifetimes ended up calculated and superior agreement With all the experimental results was received for both theories.

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